How does a haematoma develop?
During an operation or procedure, small blood vessels are cut. Normally these are carefully closed or cauterised. Still, a small blood vessel may start bleeding again after the procedure. The blood then collects under the skin or in the operated area.
Other causes can be:
- A hard knock or fall
- Increased blood pressure after an operation
- Use of blood thinners
- Excessive exertion shortly after a procedure
- Blood clotting disorders
A haematoma usually develops within the first hours or days after an operation.
How do you recognise a haematoma?
The signs can vary, depending on the size and location of the haematoma.
Possible symptoms are:
- Swelling
- Pain or increasing pressure
- Blue or purple discolouration of the skin
- A tight feeling
- Sometimes asymmetry after a cosmetic procedure
After breast surgery, for example, one breast may suddenly become larger and more painful than the other. This can indicate a haematoma.
Is a haematoma dangerous?
In most cases a small haematoma is not dangerous. The body gradually clears the collected blood. This can take several weeks.
A larger haematoma, however, can:
- Cause extra pain
- Put pressure on surrounding tissue
- Disrupt wound healing
- In rare cases, cause an infection
If there is clear swelling, increasing pain or a rapid change, it is important to contact the treating doctor.
How is a haematoma treated?
The treatment depends on the size and the symptoms.
Small haematoma
Often no active treatment is needed. Rest and monitoring are sufficient. The body breaks down the blood itself.
Larger haematoma
When there is clear swelling or pressure, it may be necessary to remove the blood surgically. This is usually done under local or general anaesthetic, depending on the situation.
After removal, the blood vessel is closed again if necessary to prevent recurrence.
How long does recovery take?
With a small haematoma, it can take several weeks before the discolouration has completely disappeared. The swelling usually decreases gradually.
After a surgical correction, recovery is similar to that of the original procedure. Extra follow-up appointments may be needed to monitor healing properly.
When should you get in touch?
Contact your doctor if you notice that:
- The swelling suddenly increases
- The pain gets worse instead of better
- The skin feels tight and tense
- There is asymmetry after an operation
- You feel worried about your recovery
- Early assessment prevents unnecessary complications.
Finally
A haematoma is a collection of blood in the tissue that can develop after an operation or injury. In most cases it is harmless and resolves on its own. Sometimes additional treatment is needed.
After a surgical procedure, it is important to keep a close eye on any changes. If in doubt, it is advisable to get in contact with your practitioner for assessment and advice.
