What is hyperhidrosis?
Hyperhidrosis is a condition in which the body sweats more than normal, even when there are no obvious triggers such as heat, exertion or stress. There are two forms of hyperhidrosis: primary and secondary hyperhidrosis. Primary hyperhidrosis is usually localised and often starts in childhood or adolescence, without an obvious underlying cause. Secondary hyperhidrosis is often the result of another medical condition, such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism or the use of certain medication, and can lead to excessive sweating all over the body.
How does hyperhidrosis work?
In hyperhidrosis, the sweat glands send more sweat to the skin than is needed to regulate body temperature. In primary hyperhidrosis, this process is often the result of overactive signals from the sympathetic nervous system to the sweat glands, without an obvious cause. In secondary hyperhidrosis, there is usually an underlying cause that increases sweat production. The excessive sweat production can lead to uncomfortable situations, such as damp clothing, slippery palms or feet, and can affect a person’s social interaction and self-confidence.
What are the treatment options for hyperhidrosis?
There are several treatment options for hyperhidrosis, depending on the severity and the cause of the condition. Some of the most common treatments are:
- Antiperspirants: Over-the-counter or prescription antiperspirants containing aluminium chloride can help reduce sweat production by temporarily blocking the sweat glands.
- Medication: Certain medicines, such as anticholinergics, can help reduce sweat production by blocking the nerve signals that activate the sweat glands.
- Botox injections: Botulinum toxin (Botox) can be injected into the affected areas to temporarily block the nerve signals that activate the sweat glands, leading to a considerable reduction in sweat production.
- Iontophoresis: A procedure in which a weak electric current is passed through water to the skin to temporarily deactivate the sweat glands, particularly effective for hands and feet.
- Sympathectomy: In severe cases, a surgical procedure may be considered in which certain nerves that control the sweat glands are cut or clamped to reduce sweat production.
- Lifestyle adjustments: Wearing breathable clothing, using special sweat-absorbing insoles or pads, and avoiding triggers such as spicy food or stress can help manage the symptoms.
What are the effects of hyperhidrosis?
Hyperhidrosis can have a considerable impact on quality of life. Physically, it can lead to skin problems such as fungal infections, skin irritation and bacterial infections due to constant moisture. Socially and emotionally, hyperhidrosis can lead to embarrassment, anxiety and a reduced quality of life, because the condition often leads people to avoid social interactions or situations in which excessive sweating is noticeable.
The difference between hyperhidrosis and normal sweating
It is normal to sweat in response to heat, physical activity or stress, because this helps the body cool down. In hyperhidrosis, however, sweat production is out of proportion to the circumstances. People with hyperhidrosis often sweat even in cool environments or when they are relaxed, which distinguishes the condition from normal sweating.
Hyperhidrosis can have a considerable effect on daily life, but with the right treatment and adjustments, its impact can often be reduced considerably. It is important to seek medical advice to find the most suitable treatment.
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